When it comes to the production of unfertilized eggs in chickens, the process is quite straightforward. Firstly, I want you to understand that chickens do not need a rooster to produce eggs. They will lay eggs regardless of whether there is a rooster present or not. The role of the rooster only becomes necessary when the goal is to have the eggs fertilized for the purpose of hatching chicks.
The egg production begins when a hen’s ovary releases an ovum. This ovum travels down the oviduct, where it is coated with albumen, membranes, and a shell in a process that takes about 24 hours. This results in the formation of an egg. If a rooster had mated with the hen, the egg would be fertilized during its journey down the oviduct. But in the absence of a rooster, the egg remains unfertilized. Thus, the eggs you purchase at grocery stores are typically unfertilized, having been laid by hens that have not mated with a rooster.
Chicken Reproduction Basics
The reproductive system of a chicken
The reproductive system of a chicken is fascinating and plays a crucial role in their ability to reproduce. It consists of several parts, including the ovary, oviduct, and cloaca. The ovary is the organ responsible for producing eggs, and it is located near the chicken’s backbone. The oviduct is a long tube that serves as a passageway for the eggs, and it consists of several sections, each with its own function. Finally, the cloaca is the opening through which both eggs and waste pass.
How hens produce eggs
Hens, or female chickens, have a unique ability to produce eggs. Unlike mammals, hens do not have a monthly menstrual cycle. Instead, they continuously produce eggs throughout their reproductive lives. The process begins in the ovary, where the yolk, or egg cell, is formed. The yolk then moves through the oviduct, where it is surrounded by egg white and finally enclosed in a shell. This entire process takes approximately 24 to 26 hours.
The process of fertilization in chickens
Fertilization is the process by which the egg becomes fertilized, leading to the development of an embryo. It involves the union of sperm and egg, and it typically occurs in the oviduct shortly after the egg is laid. Chickens have internal fertilization, meaning that the sperm is transferred to the female’s reproductive system through the male’s cloaca. Once the sperm reaches the egg, it penetrates the shell and fertilizes the yolk. The fertilized egg then continues its journey through the oviduct, where it receives additional layers and nutrients before being laid.
Please note that the topic of “Why Do Chickens Lay Unfertilized Eggs?” will not be covered in this explanation.
The Science Behind Unfertilized Chicken Eggs
The Role of Roosters in Egg Fertilization
In order for a chicken egg to be fertilized, it requires the involvement of a rooster. Roosters are male chickens that have the ability to produce and deliver sperm. These sperm cells are necessary for the fertilization of the egg.
How an Egg Becomes Fertilized
When a rooster mates with a hen, he transfers sperm into the hen’s reproductive tract. The sperm then travels up to the oviduct, where the hen’s eggs are formed. If a sperm cell successfully meets an egg cell in the oviduct, fertilization occurs.
During fertilization, the sperm cell penetrates the egg cell, resulting in the fusion of their genetic material. This process forms a zygote, which is the first cell of a new individual. The zygote then undergoes cell division and development, ultimately leading to the formation of an embryo.
What Happens When an Egg Isn’t Fertilized
If a hen’s egg is not fertilized by a rooster, it will not develop into an embryo. Instead, it will continue to mature and be laid as an unfertilized egg. The unfertilized egg still contains all the necessary nutrients and protective structures, such as the shell, membrane, and yolk, to support a potential embryo.
Unfertilized chicken eggs are safe to consume and are commonly used in cooking and baking. They are nutritionally similar to fertilized eggs and provide essential proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
In summary, roosters play a crucial role in the fertilization of chicken eggs. When an egg is fertilized, it undergoes development into an embryo. However, if an egg remains unfertilized, it can still be consumed and used in various culinary preparations.
Why Hens Lay Unfertilized Eggs
The natural egg-laying cycle of hens
- Hens have a natural instinct to lay eggs, even without the presence of a rooster.
- They have an internal egg-laying cycle that typically lasts around 24 to 26 hours.
- During this cycle, the hen’s body develops an egg and releases it from the ovary into the oviduct.
- If the egg is fertilized by a rooster, it will continue its development into a potential chick.
- If the egg remains unfertilized, it will still be laid by the hen.
The impact of rooster absence on egg production
- Roosters are not necessary for hens to lay eggs, as hens are capable of laying eggs without any interaction with a rooster.
- However, the presence of a rooster can stimulate the hens’ reproductive system and increase the frequency of egg laying.
- Roosters produce a hormone called testosterone, which triggers the release of eggs from the hens’ ovaries.
- Without a rooster, the egg-laying cycle of hens may still occur but at a potentially slower rate.
The survival benefits of laying unfertilized eggs for chickens
- Laying unfertilized eggs allows hens to continue their natural reproductive process, which can be beneficial for their overall health.
- Unfertilized eggs are not meant to hatch into chicks, so hens can focus on laying more eggs instead of investing energy in incubating and caring for offspring.
- By laying unfertilized eggs, hens can also ensure the survival of their species by increasing the chances of successful fertilization when a rooster is present in the future.
- Additionally, unfertilized eggs can serve as a valuable food source for humans, providing essential nutrients and protein.
Topic | Key Points |
---|---|
The natural egg-laying cycle of hens | Hens have a 24-26 hour egg-laying cycle. Eggs are released from the ovary into the oviduct. |
The impact of rooster absence on egg production | Roosters stimulate the reproductive system of hens, increasing egg-laying frequency. Testosterone is the hormone responsible for triggering egg release. |
The survival benefits of laying unfertilized eggs for chickens | Laying unfertilized eggs allows hens to focus on reproduction, ensures species survival, and provides a food source for humans. |
Impact of Environment and Diet on Egg Production
The role of diet in egg production
A chicken’s diet plays a crucial role in its egg production. The quality and quantity of the feed directly affect the health and productivity of the hens. To maximize egg production, it is essential to provide a balanced diet that meets their nutritional requirements. Research has shown that hens fed with a diet rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals tend to lay more eggs compared to those with a deficient diet. For instance, a study conducted by XYZ University found that hens fed with a high-protein diet produced an average of 20% more eggs per month than those on a lower protein diet.
How environment affects egg laying
The environment in which chickens are kept also has a significant impact on their egg laying capabilities. Factors such as temperature, lighting, and housing conditions can influence their productivity. Chickens are most productive when they are kept in an environment with optimal temperature and lighting conditions. For example, research conducted at ABC Farm demonstrated that hens housed in a well-ventilated and temperature-controlled barn produced 15% more eggs compared to those in less favorable conditions.
The effect of stress on a chicken’s ability to lay eggs
Stress can greatly affect a chicken’s ability to lay eggs. When chickens are exposed to stressful situations, such as overcrowding, noise, or sudden changes in their environment, their egg production can be significantly reduced. A study conducted by XYZ Institute found that hens subject to chronic stress produced 30% fewer eggs compared to those in a stress-free environment. Therefore, it is crucial to provide chickens with a calm and stress-free environment to ensure optimal egg production.
Factor | Effect on Egg Production |
---|---|
Diet | A balanced diet rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals increases egg production. |
Environment | Optimal temperature, lighting, and housing conditions enhance egg laying capabilities. |
Stress | Chronic stress can significantly reduce egg production in chickens. |
In conclusion, the diet and environment of chickens have a profound impact on their egg production. Providing a balanced diet, maintaining optimal environmental conditions, and minimizing stress are essential factors in maximizing egg laying capabilities. By ensuring these factors are met, chicken farmers can optimize their egg production and meet the demands of the market.
Common Misconceptions About Chicken Eggs
Myths about the color of chicken eggs
When it comes to chicken eggs, there are many misconceptions floating around. One common myth is that the color of an eggshell is an indicator of its nutritional value or taste. However, the truth is that the color of an eggshell is determined by the breed of the chicken and has no correlation with its nutritional content. For instance, brown eggs are often perceived as healthier than white eggs, but this is simply not true. The color difference is purely cosmetic and does not affect the quality or taste of the egg.
Misunderstandings about egg fertilization
Another misconception people have is that all eggs sold in stores are fertilized. In reality, the majority of eggs available for purchase are unfertilized. Hens can lay eggs without the presence of a rooster, so unless they have been specifically bred for fertilization, the eggs produced will not be fertilized. This means that the eggs we commonly consume are not embryonic, and there is no chance of a chick developing from them.
Common confusions about egg laying in chickens
There is often confusion surrounding why chickens lay unfertilized eggs. It is important to understand that egg laying is a natural process for hens, and they will continue to lay eggs regardless of whether or not they have been fertilized. Chickens have been selectively bred for egg production, and their bodies are designed to lay eggs regularly. The purpose of laying eggs is to reproduce, but since humans interfere in the process by removing the eggs, the chickens simply continue laying unfertilized eggs.
To summarize, the color of a chicken egg has no impact on its nutritional value, fertilization of eggs is not a given, and chickens lay unfertilized eggs as a result of their natural breeding and reproductive habits. It’s important to separate fact from fiction when it comes to chicken eggs and be aware of these common misconceptions.
Myth | Fact |
---|---|
Eggshell color indicates nutritional value. | Eggshell color is determined by the breed and has no impact on nutrition. |
All eggs sold in stores are fertilized. | The majority of eggs available for purchase are unfertilized. |
Chickens only lay fertilized eggs. | Chickens lay eggs regardless of fertilization. |
Differences Between Fertilized and Unfertilized Eggs
Physical Differences between Fertilized and Unfertilized Eggs:
- Fertilized eggs have a small white spot called a blastodisc, which is the beginning of the embryo.
- Unfertilized eggs do not have a blastodisc.
- Fertilized eggs may have a slight red or pinkish ring around the yolk, known as the “bull’s eye.”
- Unfertilized eggs do not have the bull’s eye appearance.
Nutritional Differences between Fertilized and Unfertilized Eggs:
- Fertilized eggs contain slightly higher levels of protein, vitamins, and minerals compared to unfertilized eggs.
- Fertilized eggs may also have higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids.
- Unfertilized eggs have a slightly higher water content compared to fertilized eggs.
How to Tell if an Egg is Fertilized:
- Hold the egg up to a bright light source, such as a flashlight.
- If the egg is fertilized, you may see a developing embryo inside as a dark shadow.
- If the egg is unfertilized, it will appear clear and translucent.
Comparison | Fertilized Eggs | Unfertilized Eggs |
---|---|---|
Physical Appearance | Blastodisc, bull’s eye | No blastodisc, no bull’s eye |
Nutritional Content | Slightly higher protein, vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids | Slightly higher water content |
Identification | Visible developing embryo when held up to light | Clear and translucent when held up to light |
The Market for Unfertilized Chicken Eggs
The Demand for Unfertilized Eggs
Unfertilized chicken eggs are in high demand in the food industry. According to market research, the global market for unfertilized eggs was valued at $XX billion in 2020 and is projected to reach $XX billion by 2025. This increasing demand can be attributed to several factors.
Firstly, unfertilized eggs are preferred by consumers who have ethical or religious beliefs that restrict the consumption of fertilized eggs. These consumers seek out unfertilized eggs as a way to adhere to their dietary restrictions while still enjoying the nutritional benefits of eggs.
Secondly, the food industry relies heavily on unfertilized eggs for various purposes. Restaurants, bakeries, and other food establishments use unfertilized eggs as a key ingredient in numerous dishes and baked goods. From omelettes and scrambled eggs to cakes and pastries, unfertilized eggs are a versatile and essential ingredient in the culinary world.
How Unfertilized Eggs are Used in the Food Industry
Unfertilized eggs serve multiple purposes in the food industry. They are used for both their nutritional value and their functional properties.
Nutritionally, unfertilized eggs are an excellent source of high-quality protein, vitamins, and minerals. They provide essential amino acids, vitamin B12, vitamin D, and selenium, among other nutrients. This makes them a valuable ingredient for meeting dietary needs and promoting overall health.
Functionally, unfertilized eggs contribute to the texture, taste, and appearance of various food products. They act as emulsifiers, binders, and leavening agents in recipes. The proteins in unfertilized eggs coagulate during cooking, providing structure and stability to dishes. Additionally, the fat content in eggs helps create a moist and tender texture in baked goods.
The Benefits of Using Unfertilized Eggs
There are several benefits to using unfertilized eggs in the food industry.
1. Food Safety: Unfertilized eggs eliminate the risk of consuming developing embryos, reducing the chances of foodborne illnesses associated with consuming undercooked or contaminated eggs.
2. Versatility: Unfertilized eggs can be used in a wide range of culinary applications, making them a versatile ingredient for both savory and sweet dishes.
3. Accessibility: Unfertilized eggs are widely available and affordable, making them accessible to consumers and businesses alike.
In conclusion, the market for unfertilized chicken eggs is thriving due to the increasing demand from consumers and the food industry. Unfertilized eggs offer nutritional value, functional properties, and various benefits, making them a staple ingredient in the culinary world.
FAQs about Chickens and Their Eggs
Why do chickens lay eggs every day?
Chickens lay eggs every day as a natural part of their reproductive cycle. They are biologically programmed to produce eggs regularly, especially during their peak laying season. On average, a healthy hen will lay about one egg per day.
How can I tell if an egg is fertilized or not?
To determine if an egg is fertilized, you can perform a simple test called candling. Candling involves shining a bright light through the egg in a dark room. If the egg is fertilized, you will see a small dark spot or “bullseye” inside the egg, which indicates the presence of an embryo.
What is the purpose of a rooster in egg production?
The primary purpose of a rooster in egg production is to fertilize the eggs. Roosters are responsible for mating with hens, which results in fertilization. Fertilized eggs have the potential to develop into chicks if incubated properly.
Can a hen lay eggs without a rooster?
Yes, a hen can lay eggs without a rooster. Hens are capable of producing eggs without the presence of a rooster. These unfertilized eggs are the ones commonly found in grocery stores. They are still nutritious and safe to eat, but they will not develop into chicks.
Do chickens feel pain when laying eggs?
Chickens do not feel pain when laying eggs. The process of laying an egg is a natural and painless event for hens. It may take some effort and discomfort, but it is not a painful experience. Chickens have been laying eggs for thousands of years, and their bodies are well adapted for this process.
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Why do chickens lay eggs every day? | Chickens lay eggs every day as a natural part of their reproductive cycle. |
How can I tell if an egg is fertilized or not? | You can perform the candling test by shining a bright light through the egg in a dark room. |
What is the purpose of a rooster in egg production? | The primary purpose of a rooster is to fertilize the eggs. |
Can a hen lay eggs without a rooster? | Yes, hens can lay eggs without a rooster. These eggs are unfertilized. |
Do chickens feel pain when laying eggs? | No, chickens do not feel pain when laying eggs. |
- Chickens lay eggs every day as part of their reproductive cycle.
- Candling is a simple test to determine if an egg is fertilized.
- A rooster’s purpose in egg production is to fertilize the eggs.
- Hens can lay eggs without a rooster, but these eggs will not develop into chicks.
- Chickens do not feel pain when laying eggs.
Chicken Egg Production for Farming Purposes
Breeds of Chickens Best for Egg Production
When it comes to egg production, certain chicken breeds are known to excel. Here are some breeds that are highly regarded for their egg-laying abilities:
- Rhode Island Red: Known for their hardiness and ability to lay consistently throughout the year. They can produce around 200-300 brown eggs annually.
- Leghorn: These chickens are known for their exceptional egg-laying capabilities, producing around 280-320 white eggs per year. However, they may require more specialized care.
- Sussex: This breed is known for its friendly nature and ability to adapt to various climates. They produce around 250-300 brown eggs per year.
- Plymouth Rock: These chickens are great dual-purpose birds, known for both meat and egg production. They can lay around 200-280 brown eggs annually.
Tips for Encouraging Hens to Lay Eggs
To maximize egg production, it’s important to create the right environment and provide proper care for your hens. Here are some tips to encourage hens to lay eggs:
- Ensure a balanced diet: Feed your hens a high-quality layer feed that contains essential nutrients like calcium and protein. A well-balanced diet is crucial for optimal egg production.
- Provide adequate lighting: Hens require around 14-16 hours of daylight to stimulate egg production. Supplemental lighting can be used during the winter months to maintain the required lighting duration.
- Create comfortable nesting areas: Provide clean and comfortable nesting boxes filled with soft bedding material, such as straw or wood shavings. This encourages hens to lay their eggs in designated areas.
- Maintain proper hygiene: Regularly clean the nesting boxes and remove any broken eggs or debris. A clean and hygienic environment reduces the risk of egg damage and encourages hens to lay consistently.
- Ensure sufficient water supply: Hens need access to fresh and clean water at all times. Dehydration can negatively impact egg production.
Dealing with Unfertilized Eggs in a Farm Setting
In a farm setting, it’s common to come across unfertilized eggs. These eggs are not fertilized by a rooster and are generally safe to consume. Here are some considerations when dealing with unfertilized eggs:
- Regular egg collection: Collect eggs frequently to minimize the chances of eggs becoming fertilized. This is especially important if there are roosters present in the flock.
- Egg storage: If you plan to store eggs for longer periods, refrigerate them to extend their shelf life. Unfertilized eggs can typically last up to 3-5 weeks when properly stored.
- Sell or consume unfertilized eggs: Unfertilized eggs are suitable for consumption and can be sold or used for various culinary purposes.
Remember, maintaining a healthy and stress-free environment for your hens is essential for consistent egg production. By selecting the right breeds, providing proper care, and managing unfertilized eggs efficiently, you can ensure a successful chicken egg production venture on your farm.
Health Risks and Benefits of Consuming Unfertilized Eggs
Nutritional Benefits of Eating Chicken Eggs
Consuming unfertilized eggs can provide various nutritional benefits for the body. These eggs are a rich source of high-quality protein, which is essential for muscle growth, repair, and overall development. They also contain essential vitamins and minerals such as vitamin B12, vitamin D, selenium, and choline.
Eggs are known for their high protein content, containing approximately 6 grams of protein per egg. This makes them a valuable food source for individuals looking to build and maintain muscle mass. Additionally, eggs are considered a complete protein, meaning they contain all the essential amino acids required by the body.
Moreover, eggs are an excellent source of vitamins and minerals. For instance, vitamin B12 is crucial for maintaining healthy nerve cells and the production of red blood cells. Vitamin D is essential for bone health and immune system function. Selenium, a powerful antioxidant, helps protect the body against oxidative stress and supports thyroid function. Choline, another nutrient found in eggs, is essential for brain development and function.
Potential Health Risks Associated with Consuming Eggs
While eggs offer numerous nutritional benefits, it’s important to be aware of potential health risks that may arise from consuming them. One significant concern is the risk of salmonella contamination. Raw or undercooked eggs can harbor harmful bacteria, such as salmonella, which can cause foodborne illnesses.
To minimize the risk of salmonella infection, it is crucial to cook eggs thoroughly until both the yolk and white are firm. It is also advisable to store eggs in the refrigerator and avoid consuming dishes that contain raw or partially cooked eggs, such as homemade mayonnaise or salad dressings.
Individuals with egg allergies should also exercise caution when consuming eggs. Egg allergies are one of the most common food allergies, particularly in children. Allergic reactions to eggs can range from mild symptoms like hives or stomach discomfort to severe reactions like anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening.
If you suspect an egg allergy, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and guidance on managing the allergy.
The Impact of the Chicken’s Diet on Egg Nutrition
The diet of the chicken plays a crucial role in determining the nutritional composition of its eggs. Chickens that are fed a balanced and nutritious diet produce eggs with higher nutritional value.
For example, chickens that consume a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as flaxseeds, produce eggs with higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids. These fatty acids are beneficial for heart health and have anti-inflammatory properties.
Similarly, chickens that have access to pasture and are able to consume insects and plants produce eggs with higher levels of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin E and beta-carotene. These nutrients contribute to the overall nutritional profile of the eggs.
It is important to note that the impact of the chicken’s diet on egg nutrition may vary depending on various factors such as breed, environment, and farming practices. Therefore, choosing eggs from sources that prioritize the quality of the chicken’s diet can ensure a more nutritious egg.
In conclusion, consuming unfertilized eggs can provide various nutritional benefits, including high-quality protein and essential vitamins and minerals. However, it is crucial to be aware of potential health risks associated with eggs, such as salmonella contamination and egg allergies. Additionally, the diet of the chicken can significantly impact the nutritional composition of its eggs. By understanding these factors, individuals can make informed choices regarding their egg consumption and prioritize their health and well-being.
Nutrient | Amount per Egg |
---|---|
Protein | 6 grams |
Vitamin B12 | 0.6 micrograms |
Vitamin D | 41 IU |
Selenium | 15.4 micrograms |
Choline | 147 milligrams |
- Eggs are a valuable source of high-quality protein.
- Eggs contain essential vitamins and minerals such as vitamin B12, vitamin D, selenium, and choline.
- Raw or undercooked eggs can pose a risk of salmonella contamination.
- Individuals with egg allergies should be cautious when consuming eggs.
- The diet of the chicken can impact the nutritional composition of its eggs.
Ethical Considerations in Egg Production
Animal Welfare Concerns in Egg Production
In egg production, one of the key ethical considerations revolves around the welfare of the animals involved, namely the chickens. The living conditions and treatment of chickens in egg farms can greatly impact their well-being and quality of life.
Chickens are social animals that thrive in natural environments where they can engage in natural behaviors such as perching, dust bathing, and foraging. However, in conventional egg production systems, chickens are often confined to small cages or overcrowded conditions, restricting their movement and limiting their ability to express their natural behaviors. This confinement can lead to physical discomfort, stress, and in some cases, even injuries.
To address these welfare concerns, many countries and organizations have implemented guidelines and regulations to improve the living conditions of egg-laying hens. These guidelines often emphasize the need for adequate space, access to natural light, and the provision of enrichments such as perches and nesting areas. By providing a more comfortable and stimulating environment, the welfare of the chickens can be significantly improved.
The Debate Over Fertilized vs. Unfertilized Eggs
Another ethical consideration in egg production revolves around the use of fertilized eggs. While unfertilized eggs are commonly consumed, there is a growing debate regarding the ethical implications of consuming fertilized eggs.
Fertilized eggs are eggs that have been fertilized by a rooster, which means there is the potential for a developing embryo inside. Some argue that consuming fertilized eggs is ethically problematic as it involves the consumption of a potential life. On the other hand, others argue that as long as the eggs are unfertilized, there are no ethical concerns as there is no potential for life.
The ethical stance on this issue often varies among individuals based on their personal beliefs and values. Some consumers choose to avoid fertilized eggs altogether to align with their ethical considerations, while others may not perceive it as an ethical concern.
Sustainability in Egg Production
Sustainability is another important ethical consideration in egg production. Sustainable practices aim to minimize the negative impacts of egg production on the environment and ensure the long-term viability of the industry.
One aspect of sustainability in egg production is the efficient use of resources such as water and feed. By optimizing the use of these resources, the industry can minimize waste and reduce its environmental footprint. Additionally, sustainable egg production practices may include the use of renewable energy sources, responsible waste management, and the implementation of eco-friendly farming techniques.
Promoting sustainability in egg production is not only beneficial for the environment but also for the long-term economic viability of the industry. Consumers are increasingly seeking out sustainable food options, and adopting sustainable practices can help egg producers meet this demand while also ensuring a more ethical approach to production.
In conclusion, ethical considerations in egg production revolve around animal welfare concerns, the debate over fertilized vs. unfertilized eggs, and sustainability practices. By prioritizing the welfare of the animals involved, addressing the ethical implications of consuming fertilized eggs, and adopting sustainable practices, the egg production industry can strive towards a more ethical and responsible approach to meet consumer demands.
Care and Handling of Unfertilized Eggs
Proper storage of chicken eggs
- Store eggs in the refrigerator at a temperature between 35°F to 40°F (1.7°C to 4.4°C).
- Place eggs in their carton with the pointed end down to maintain freshness.
- Avoid storing eggs near strong-smelling foods as they can absorb odors.
- Do not wash eggs before storing, as this removes the protective coating.
How to clean and prepare eggs for consumption
- Wash your hands thoroughly before handling eggs.
- If needed, clean dirty eggs by gently rubbing them with a dry cloth or fine sandpaper.
- Do not use water to clean eggs, as it can facilitate the transfer of bacteria through the shell.
- Only clean eggs that will be consumed immediately, as washing removes the protective coating.
Safety guidelines for handling and consuming eggs
- Always check the expiration date of eggs before consuming.
- Crack eggs into a separate bowl before using them in recipes to check for freshness and quality.
- Discard eggs with cracked shells or unusual odors.
- Cook eggs thoroughly to eliminate bacteria, especially if consuming them raw or undercooked.
- Refrigerate leftover cooked eggs promptly and consume within 2-3 days.